Most of the real world sensor output is analog type. We can read the analog output with the ADC pin provided in Atmel family. In ATnega32 there are 8 ADC channel with 10bit resolution. That means each of the ADC channel can divide 0-5V to 0-1023 counting value that can be easily read by the […]
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Atmel family has another type of Timer to watch the program flow. We can enable the timer and if error occurs it will restart the CPU. So much we are excited, for it is hard to succeed developing absolutely perfect and error free program. The watchdog cannot help us to better programs however it can
A servomotor is a rotary actuator that allows for precise control of angular position, velocity and acceleration. Most modern servomotor are designed and supplied around a dedicated control module. So that servomotor doesn’t require a driver. A microcontroller PWM pin can be used directly to control the servomotor. From picture it is seen that the
Let us control a motor using Fast PWM 8bit of Timer1. In order to control a 12V dc motor we need a driver IC that L293D. In this program we use Timer1 OCR1A and OCR1B active at 8bit Fast PWM and two pin to control two dc motor. Here to control motor1 the driver has
PWM stands for pulse wide modulation. In AVR family there are three types of waveform generating modes The relationship between output voltage and duty cycle is A PWM signal is nothing but a square wave in which the tine period (Ton+Toff) remain the same but the duty cycle changes. Basically all PWM mode operate with
Ultrasonic sensors use sound to determine the distance between the sensor and the closest object in its path. The sensor sends out a sound wave at a specific frequency. It then listens for that specific sound wave to bounce off of an object and come back. The sensor keeps track of the time between sending
DHT11 digital temperature and humidity sensor is a composite Sensor contains a calibrated digital signal output of the temperature and humidity. The sensor includes a resistive sense of wet components and an NTC temperature measurement device and connected with a high-performance 8-bit microcontroller. RT: Typical application circuit recommended in the short cable length of 20m
Let’s make a Digital Clock to display seconds, minute & hour to seven segment displays. Here 6 seven segment display are used. We make it in 3 steps. First initial timer1 interrupt at 1s delay. In this project we use ATmega32 with external crystal with 8MHz at HFUSE=0x89 LFUSE=0xEF Timer1 interrupt with 1s counting In
In this project we use IR Tx diode and IR Rx diode. The sensor circuit diagram is as follow- The RPM meter based on two procedures It is easy to calculate pulse using external interrupt pin. Let use ATmega8 for this purpose. The logic should be as soon as any falling edge is found, it
Previously we learn about timer CTC. Now what happen if we do not compare the value? In that case the timer starts from BOTTOM to the MAXimum value i.e. 0xFF (for Timer0/2) or 0xFFFF (Timer1) and that is timer overflow. In this case when the timer overflows an interrupt available i.e. Timer Overflow Interrupt vector.
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